Dyslexia-What Are Its Types?
There are plenty of people that are confused with the meaning of dyslexia.
What is dyslexia?
Dyslexia actually has two meanings.
The first meaning of dyslexia is the literal meaning since it is based on the etymology of the word itself, “Dys” means problematic or wrong then “lexia” means pertaining to letters or words. Literally, the word dyslexia refers to difficulty with words. Those people that have difficulty in reading has dyslexia.
The second meaning is more wider when it comes to its use and its application. This is mostly used by dyslexic adults and by parents of dyslexics. In the application aspect, dyslexia refers to a number of symptom such as problems with spelling, writing and reading, poor memory, does not have physical coordination and has difficulty in hearing.
As you can see ,the meaning of the word dyslexia really greatly depends on how it is being used.
In the year 1973, Newcombe and Marshall divided the word dyslexia and they provided descriptions for every kind. Their idea started with phonological dyslexia, double deficit dyslexia and surface dyslexia.
Here are the types of dyslexia:
A. Surface dyslexia
One symptom of surface dyslexia is when the person is having mistakes and is inconsistent with the English pronunciation. For example, the word bowl is pronounced as howl and the word pretty is pronounced as jetty
B. Phonological dyslexia
Phonological dyslexia refers to the failure of adapting the phonics of the English language. People that have phonological dyslexia have problems in reading new words.
C. Double deficit dyslexia
There are people that have both kinds of dyslexia such as phonological dyslexia and surface dyslexia and the term that they use for this condition is double deficit dyslexia.
D. Visual dyslexia and auditory dyslexia
Both of these types are derived from the magnocellular theory of dyslexia. In this theory, people with dyslexia are neurologically weak in their magnocellular cells in the thalamus part of brain. This part of the brain is where they process visual and auditory information.
There are studies that proves that people with dyslexia have difficulties in processing auditory information and visual information.
This means that those children that have poor visual skills but have average hearing skills can be diagnosed as visual dyslexia, and those children that have poor hearing skills but average visual skills are diagnosed with auditory dyslexia.diagnosed with auditory dyslexia.
E. Orthographic dyslexia
Orthography is a group of letters and symbols that will create a language. The english alphabet has 26 letters, while for the Chinese and Japanese language they have thousands of different kinds of symbols. This just means that orthographic dyslexia refers to problems in manipulating and identifying letters in spelling, writing and reading.
